01 - In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, baking soda, and salt. Set aside.
02 - In a large bowl, beat the room-temperature butter, brown sugar, and granulated sugar together using a hand or stand mixer until light and fluffy, about 2 to 3 minutes.
03 - Add the egg and beat until fully combined, followed by the egg yolk and vanilla extract, mixing until smooth.
04 - Gradually add the dry ingredient mixture into the wet ingredients, mixing on low speed until a soft dough forms. Cover the bowl tightly and refrigerate for 30 minutes.
05 - In a separate bowl, beat the cream cheese, granulated sugar, and vanilla extract until completely smooth and lump-free. Chill in the refrigerator until ready to assemble.
06 - Preheat the oven to 350°F. Line two baking sheets with parchment paper and set aside.
07 - Scoop approximately 1 1/2 tablespoons of cookie dough and flatten slightly in your palm. Place about 1 teaspoon of cheesecake filling in the center, then wrap the dough around the filling and roll into a smooth ball. Arrange cookies 2 inches apart on the prepared baking sheets.
08 - Bake for 11 to 13 minutes, or until the edges are lightly golden. Allow the cookies to rest on the baking sheet for 5 minutes before transferring to a wire rack to cool completely.
09 - Place the unwrapped caramel candies and heavy cream in a microwave-safe bowl. Heat in 20-second bursts, stirring between each interval, until the caramel is melted and smooth.
10 - Drizzle the warm caramel sauce over each cooled cookie. Sprinkle with flaky sea salt if desired. Allow the caramel to set before serving.